ATtiny and HIDkeys

[yp stagiair]

Hello,

I was trying to make my own version of the HIDkeys project with only 2 keys and an ATtiny microcontroller instead of an ATmega microcontroller. For this I have rewritten/modified part of the HIDkeys main.c code and usbconfig.h code, the odddebug and usbdriver files are untouched and exactly as they are provided by objective development.
the resulting code is:

/* main.c */

#define F_CPU 12000000L /* evaluation board runs on 4MHz */

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <avr/wdt.h>

#include "usbdrv.h"
#include "oddebug.h"

/* ----------------------- hardware I/O abstraction ------------------------ */

/* pin assignments:
PA0 Key 1
PA4 Key 2

PB3 USB-
PB6 USB+ (int0)
PB7 debug tx
*/

static void hardwareInit(void)
{
uchar i, j;

PORTA = 0x11; /* 0001 0001 bin: activate pull-ups on pin 0 and 4 */
DDRA = 0xee; /* 1110 1110 bin: pin 0 and 4 are input */
PORTB = 0xb7; /* 1011 0111 bin: activate pull-ups except on USB lines */
DDRB = 0xff; /* 1111 1111 bin: no pins input(also trigger USB reset) */
j = 0;
while(--j){ /* USB Reset by device only required on Watchdog Reset */
i = 0;
while(--i); /* delay >10ms for USB reset */
}
DDRB = 0x80; /* 1000 0000 bin: remove USB reset condition */
/* configure timer 0 for a rate of 12M/(1024 * 256) = 45.78 Hz (~22ms) */
TCCR0B = 5; /* timer 0 prescaler: 1024 */
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define NUM_KEYS 2

/* The following function returns an index for the first key pressed. It
* returns 0 if no key is pressed.
*/
static uchar keyPressed(void)
{
uchar i, mask, x;

x = PINB;
mask = 1;
for(i=0;i<6;i++){
if((x & mask) == 0)
return i + 1;
mask <<= 1;
}
return 0;
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* ----------------------------- USB interface ----------------------------- */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

static uchar reportBuffer[2]; /* buffer for HID reports */
static uchar idleRate; /* in 4 ms units */

PROGMEM char usbHidReportDescriptor[35] = { /* USB report descriptor */
0x05, 0x01, // USAGE_PAGE (Generic Desktop)
0x09, 0x06, // USAGE (Keyboard)
0xa1, 0x01, // COLLECTION (Application)
0x05, 0x07, // USAGE_PAGE (Keyboard)
0x19, 0xe0, // USAGE_MINIMUM (Keyboard LeftControl)
0x29, 0xe7, // USAGE_MAXIMUM (Keyboard Right GUI)
0x15, 0x00, // LOGICAL_MINIMUM (0)
0x25, 0x01, // LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (1)
0x75, 0x01, // REPORT_SIZE (1)
0x95, 0x08, // REPORT_COUNT (8)
0x81, 0x02, // INPUT (Data,Var,Abs)
0x95, 0x01, // REPORT_COUNT (1)
0x75, 0x08, // REPORT_SIZE (8)
0x25, 0x65, // LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (101)
0x19, 0x00, // USAGE_MINIMUM (Reserved (no event indicated))
0x29, 0x65, // USAGE_MAXIMUM (Keyboard Application)
0x81, 0x00, // INPUT (Data,Ary,Abs)
0xc0 // END_COLLECTION
};
/* A simplifed keyboard report descriptor which does not support the
* boot protocol. * The report descriptor has been created with usb.org's "HID Descriptor Tool"
* which can be downloaded from http://www.usb.org/developers/hidpage/.
* Redundant entries (such as LOGICAL_MINIMUM and USAGE_PAGE) have been omitted
* for the second INPUT item.
*/

/* Keyboard usage values, see usb.org's HID-usage-tables document, chapter
* 10 Keyboard/Keypad Page for more codes.
*/
#define MOD_CONTROL_LEFT (1<<0)
#define MOD_SHIFT_LEFT (1<<1)
#define MOD_ALT_LEFT (1<<2)
#define MOD_GUI_LEFT (1<<3)
#define MOD_CONTROL_RIGHT (1<<4)
#define MOD_SHIFT_RIGHT (1<<5)
#define MOD_ALT_RIGHT (1<<6)
#define MOD_GUI_RIGHT (1<<7)

#define KEY_A 4
#define KEY_B 5
#define KEY_C 6
#define KEY_D 7
#define KEY_E 8
#define KEY_F 9
#define KEY_G 10
#define KEY_H 11
#define KEY_I 12
#define KEY_J 13
#define KEY_K 14
#define KEY_L 15
#define KEY_M 16
#define KEY_N 17
#define KEY_O 18
#define KEY_P 19
#define KEY_Q 20
#define KEY_R 21
#define KEY_S 22
#define KEY_T 23
#define KEY_U 24
#define KEY_V 25
#define KEY_W 26
#define KEY_X 27
#define KEY_Y 28
#define KEY_Z 29
#define KEY_1 30
#define KEY_2 31
#define KEY_3 32
#define KEY_4 33
#define KEY_5 34
#define KEY_6 35
#define KEY_7 36
#define KEY_8 37
#define KEY_9 38
#define KEY_0 39

#define KEY_F1 58
#define KEY_F2 59
#define KEY_F3 60
#define KEY_F4 61
#define KEY_F5 62
#define KEY_F6 63
#define KEY_F7 64
#define KEY_F8 65
#define KEY_F9 66
#define KEY_F10 67
#define KEY_F11 68
#define KEY_F12 69

static const uchar keyReport[NUM_KEYS + 1][2] PROGMEM = {
/* none */ {0, 0}, /* no key pressed */
/* 1 */ {MOD_SHIFT_LEFT, KEY_A},
/* 2 */ {MOD_SHIFT_LEFT, KEY_B},
};

static void buildReport(uchar key)
{
/* This (not so elegant)cast saves 10 bytes of program memory */
*(int *)reportBuffer = pgm_read_word(keyReport[key]);
}

uchar usbFunctionSetup(uchar data[8])
{
usbRequest_t *rq = (void *)data;

usbMsgPtr = reportBuffer;
if((rq->bmRequestType & USBRQ_TYPE_MASK) == USBRQ_TYPE_CLASS){ /* class request type */
if(rq->bRequest == USBRQ_HID_GET_REPORT){ /* wValue: ReportType (highbyte), ReportID (lowbyte) */
/* only have one report type, so don't look at wValue */
buildReport(keyPressed());
return sizeof(reportBuffer);
}else if(rq->bRequest == USBRQ_HID_GET_IDLE){
usbMsgPtr = &idleRate;
return 1;
}else if(rq->bRequest == USBRQ_HID_SET_IDLE){
idleRate = rq->wValue.bytes[1];
}
}else{
/* no vendor specific requests implemented */
}
return 0;
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

int main(void)
{
uchar key, lastKey = 0, keyDidChange = 0;
uchar idleCounter = 0;

wdt_enable(WDTO_2S);
hardwareInit();
odDebugInit();
usbInit();
sei();
DBG1(0x00, 0, 0);
for(;;){ /* main event loop */
wdt_reset();
usbPoll();
key = keyPressed();
if(lastKey != key){
lastKey = key;
keyDidChange = 1;
}
if(TIFR & (1<<TOV0)){ /* 22 ms timer */
TIFR = 1<<TOV0;
if(idleRate != 0){
if(idleCounter > 4){
idleCounter -= 5; /* 22 ms in units of 4 ms */
}else{
idleCounter = idleRate;
keyDidChange = 1;
}
}
}
if(keyDidChange && usbInterruptIsReady()){
keyDidChange = 0;
/* use last key and not current key status in order to avoid lost
changes in key status. */
buildReport(lastKey);
usbSetInterrupt(reportBuffer, sizeof(reportBuffer));
}
}
return 0;
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* usbconfig.h */

#ifndef __usbconfig_h_included__
#define __usbconfig_h_included__

/*
General Description:
This file contains parts of the USB driver which can be configured and can or
must be adapted to your hardware.

Please note that the usbdrv contains a usbconfig-prototype.h file now. We
recommend that you use that file as a template because it will always list
the newest features and options.
*/

/* ---------------------------- Hardware Config ---------------------------- */

#define USB_CFG_IOPORTNAME B
/* This is the port where the USB bus is connected. When you configure it to
* "B", the registers PORTB, PINB and DDRB will be used.
*/
#define USB_CFG_DMINUS_BIT 3
/* This is the bit number in USB_CFG_IOPORT where the USB D- line is connected.
* This may be any bit in the port.
*/
#define USB_CFG_DPLUS_BIT 6
/* This is the bit number in USB_CFG_IOPORT where the USB D+ line is connected.
* This may be any bit in the port. Please note that D+ must also be connected
* to interrupt pin INT0!
*/

/* ----------------------- Optional Hardware Config ------------------------ */

/* #define USB_CFG_PULLUP_IOPORTNAME D */
/* If you connect the 1.5k pullup resistor from D- to a port pin instead of
* V+, you can connect and disconnect the device from firmware by calling
* the macros usbDeviceConnect() and usbDeviceDisconnect() (see usbdrv.h).
* This constant defines the port on which the pullup resistor is connected.
*/
/* #define USB_CFG_PULLUP_BIT 4 */
/* This constant defines the bit number in USB_CFG_PULLUP_IOPORT (defined
* above) where the 1.5k pullup resistor is connected. See description
* above for details.
*/

/* --------------------------- Functional Range ---------------------------- */

#define USB_CFG_HAVE_INTRIN_ENDPOINT 1
/* Define this to 1 if you want to compile a version with two endpoints: The
* default control endpoint 0 and an interrupt-in endpoint 1.
*/
#define USB_CFG_HAVE_INTRIN_ENDPOINT3 0
/* Define this to 1 if you want to compile a version with three endpoints: The
* default control endpoint 0, an interrupt-in endpoint 1 and an interrupt-in
* endpoint 3. You must also enable endpoint 1 above.
*/
#define USB_CFG_IMPLEMENT_HALT 0
/* Define this to 1 if you also want to implement the ENDPOINT_HALT feature
* for endpoint 1 (interrupt endpoint). Although you may not need this feature,
* it is required by the standard. We have made it a config option because it
* bloats the code considerably.
*/
#define USB_CFG_INTR_POLL_INTERVAL 10
/* If you compile a version with endpoint 1 (interrupt-in), this is the poll
* interval. The value is in milliseconds and must not be less than 10 ms for
* low speed devices.
*/
#define USB_CFG_IS_SELF_POWERED 0
/* Define this to 1 if the device has its own power supply. Set it to 0 if the
* device is powered from the USB bus.
*/
#define USB_CFG_MAX_BUS_POWER 100
/* Set this variable to the maximum USB bus power consumption of your device.
* The value is in milliamperes. [It will be divided by two since USB
* communicates power requirements in units of 2 mA.]
*/
#define USB_CFG_IMPLEMENT_FN_WRITE 0
/* Set this to 1 if you want usbFunctionWrite() to be called for control-out
* transfers. Set it to 0 if you don't need it and want to save a couple of
* bytes.
*/
#define USB_CFG_IMPLEMENT_FN_READ 0
/* Set this to 1 if you need to send control replies which are generated
* "on the fly" when usbFunctionRead() is called. If you only want to send
* data from a static buffer, set it to 0 and return the data from
* usbFunctionSetup(). This saves a couple of bytes.
*/
#define USB_CFG_IMPLEMENT_FN_WRITEOUT 0
/* Define this to 1 if you want to use interrupt-out (or bulk out) endpoint 1.
* You must implement the function usbFunctionWriteOut() which receives all
* interrupt/bulk data sent to endpoint 1.
*/
#define USB_CFG_HAVE_FLOWCONTROL 0
/* Define this to 1 if you want flowcontrol over USB data. See the definition
* of the macros usbDisableAllRequests() and usbEnableAllRequests() in
* usbdrv.h.
*/

/* -------------------------- Device Description --------------------------- */

/* We cannot use Obdev's free shared VID/PID pair because this is a HID.
* We use John Hyde's VID (author of the book "USB Design By Example") for
* this example instead. John has offered this VID for use by students for
* non-commercial devices. Well... This example is for demonstration and
* education only... DO NOT LET DEVICES WITH THIS VID ESCAPE YOUR LAB!
* The Product-ID is a random number.
*/
#define USB_CFG_VENDOR_ID 0x42, 0x42
/* USB vendor ID for the device, low byte first. If you have registered your
* own Vendor ID, define it here. Otherwise you use obdev's free shared
* VID/PID pair. Be sure to read USBID-License.txt for rules!
*/
#define USB_CFG_DEVICE_ID 0x31, 0xe1
/* This is the ID of the product, low byte first. It is interpreted in the
* scope of the vendor ID. If you have registered your own VID with usb.org
* or if you have licensed a PID from somebody else, define it here. Otherwise
* you use obdev's free shared VID/PID pair. Be sure to read the rules in
* USBID-License.txt!
*/
#define USB_CFG_DEVICE_VERSION 0x00, 0x01
/* Version number of the device: Minor number first, then major number.
*/
#define USB_CFG_VENDOR_NAME 'Y', 'P', '-', 'E', 'n', 'g', 'i', 'n', 'e', 'e', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'
#define USB_CFG_VENDOR_NAME_LEN 15
/* These two values define the vendor name returned by the USB device. The name
* must be given as a list of characters under single quotes. The characters
* are interpreted as Unicode (UTF-16) entities.
* If you don't want a vendor name string, undefine these macros.
* ALWAYS define a vendor name containing your Internet domain name if you use
* obdev's free shared VID/PID pair. See the file USBID-License.txt for
* details.
*/
#define USB_CFG_DEVICE_NAME 'I', 'P', 'A', 'K', 'e', 'y', 'b', 'o', 'a', 'r', 'd'
#define USB_CFG_DEVICE_NAME_LEN 11
/* Same as above for the device name. If you don't want a device name, undefine
* the macros. See the file USBID-License.txt before you assign a name.
*/
/*#define USB_CFG_SERIAL_NUMBER 'N', 'o', 'n', 'e' */
/*#define USB_CFG_SERIAL_NUMBER_LEN 0 */
/* Same as above for the serial number. If you don't want a serial number,
* undefine the macros.
* It may be useful to provide the serial number through other means than at
* compile time. See the section about descriptor properties below for how
* to fine tune control over USB descriptors such as the string descriptor
* for the serial number.
*/
#define USB_CFG_DEVICE_CLASS 0 /* specify the class at the interface level */
#define USB_CFG_DEVICE_SUBCLASS 0
/* See USB specification if you want to conform to an existing device class.
*/
#define USB_CFG_INTERFACE_CLASS 0x03 /* HID class */
#define USB_CFG_INTERFACE_SUBCLASS 0 /* no boot interface */
#define USB_CFG_INTERFACE_PROTOCOL 0 /* no protocol */
/* See USB specification if you want to conform to an existing device class or
* protocol.
*/
#define USB_CFG_HID_REPORT_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH 35 /* total length of report descriptor */
/* Define this to the length of the HID report descriptor, if you implement
* an HID device. Otherwise don't define it or define it to 0.
*/

/* ------------------- Fine Control over USB Descriptors ------------------- */
/* If you don't want to use the driver's default USB descriptors, you can
* provide our own. These can be provided as (1) fixed length static data in
* flash memory, (2) fixed length static data in RAM or (3) dynamically at
* runtime in the function usbFunctionDescriptor(). See usbdrv.h for more
* information about this function.
* Descriptor handling is configured through the descriptor's properties. If
* no properties are defined or if they are 0, the default descriptor is used.
* Possible properties are:
* + USB_PROP_IS_DYNAMIC: The data for the descriptor should be fetched
* at runtime via usbFunctionDescriptor().
* + USB_PROP_IS_RAM: The data returned by usbFunctionDescriptor() or found
* in static memory is in RAM, not in flash memory.
* + USB_PROP_LENGTH(len): If the data is in static memory (RAM or flash),
* the driver must know the descriptor's length. The descriptor itself is
* found at the address of a well known identifier (see below).
* List of static descriptor names (must be declared PROGMEM if in flash):
* char usbDescriptorDevice[];
* char usbDescriptorConfiguration[];
* char usbDescriptorHidReport[];
* char usbDescriptorString0[];
* int usbDescriptorStringVendor[];
* int usbDescriptorStringDevice[];
* int usbDescriptorStringSerialNumber[];
* Other descriptors can't be provided statically, they must be provided
* dynamically at runtime.
*
* Descriptor properties are or-ed or added together, e.g.:
* #define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_DEVICE (USB_PROP_IS_RAM | USB_PROP_LENGTH(18))
*
* The following descriptors are defined:
* USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_DEVICE
* USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_CONFIGURATION
* USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_STRINGS
* USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_STRING_0
* USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_STRING_VENDOR
* USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_STRING_PRODUCT
* USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_STRING_SERIAL_NUMBER
* USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_HID
* USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_HID_REPORT
* USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_UNKNOWN (for all descriptors not handled by the driver)
*
*/

#define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_DEVICE 0
#define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_CONFIGURATION 0
#define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_STRINGS 0
#define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_STRING_0 0
#define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_STRING_VENDOR 0
#define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_STRING_PRODUCT 0
#define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_STRING_SERIAL_NUMBER 0
#define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_HID 0
#define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_HID_REPORT 0
#define USB_CFG_DESCR_PROPS_UNKNOWN 0

/* ----------------------- Optional MCU Description ------------------------ */

/* The following configurations have working defaults in usbdrv.h. You
* usually don't need to set them explicitly. Only if you want to run
* the driver on a device which is not yet supported or with a compiler
* which is not fully supported (such as IAR C) or if you use a differnt
* interrupt than INT0, you may have to define some of these.
*/
/* #define USB_INTR_CFG MCUCR */
/* #define USB_INTR_CFG_SET ((1 << ISC00) | (1 << ISC01)) */
/* #define USB_INTR_CFG_CLR 0 */
/* #define USB_INTR_ENABLE GIMSK */
/* #define USB_INTR_ENABLE_BIT INT0 */
/* #define USB_INTR_PENDING GIFR */
/* #define USB_INTR_PENDING_BIT INTF0 */

#endif /* __usbconfig_h_included__ */


I apologize for the bulk this manner of posting code creates, I'm not familiar with methods to post it in a compressed manner. Anyway, back to the point, the problem with this is that when I load this firmware, my USB device is NOT recognized and I hoped that someone could maybe explain to me what I'm doing wrong. My knowledge about USB programming is basic, so keep that in mind please.

Thanks in advance.

[maxi]

To begin with your code is difficult to read all flush to the left like that, I suuggest you edit your post and include 'code tags' eg:

Code: Select all

[CODE]Code goes here[/CODE]

Also you do not say which ATtiny you are using, my first guess might be pin configuration but there is no way of knowing without the part no.
A schematic would also be helpful here. I did however spot one obvious error in usbconfig.h

Code: Select all

#define USB_CFG_VENDOR_NAME 'Y', 'P', '-', 'E', 'n', 'g', 'i', 'n', 'e', 'e', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'
#define USB_CFG_VENDOR_NAME_LEN 15

I count 14.

This line also gives me cause for concern, which is the true clock speed?

Code: Select all

#define F_CPU 12000000L /* evaluation board runs on 4MHz */

[yp stagiair]

I'll make those edits and it involves an ATtiny461. I'll have a look at your suggestions

[chattrabhuj@yahoo.in]

hI THESE IS ROHIT ,
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